6 articles
China’s tungsten export controls expose the limits of price-only offtakes. Equity aligns capital with construction risk, secures priority under provenance rules, and adds governance rights that make long-term supply commitments more enforceable.
Cryptographic attestation and hardware roots of trust support export-control enforcement. Value accrues to chip vendors, cloud providers, and compliance firms.
Economic AGI is not a singularity or an ontological state — it is a factor-substitution threshold. Frontier models have crossed expert parity on standardized professional work at a fraction of human cost, and the threshold has been crossed for low-tail functions like customer support and content production. The remaining gap is autonomy, reliability, integration, and liability — not raw reasoning.
Traceability separates physically equivalent magnets into distinct procurement markets based on verified eligibility and mine-to-magnet evidence.
Enterprise software procurement is shifting from cost optimization to risk-adjusted continuity. Pricing volatility, geopolitical fragmentation, and infrastructure scarcity are forcing buyers to weight sovereignty, compliance, and operational resilience alongside price.
AI deployment creates a real compliance layer — but the base-rate cost and the tail risk are wildly mismatched in maturity. Governance spend is manageable; uninsured liability is where the real economics live.